Cyber Attacks And Its Impacts On The Confidentiality,...

Malware Concerns The most compelling category of cyber-attacks is the malware, which negatively impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of a network or system from attacks ranging from the network level up to the operating system level. Therefore, the organizations need to safeguard their network and system components at all possible levels, to avoid a possible malware intrusion (Stallings Brown, 2012). Various critical categories of malware and their attacking patterns and approaches are comprehensively analyzed in this critical thinking paper. Additionally, one of the critical malware types is highlighted with examples of the various attacks that challenged supposedly well-secured organizations. Categories of Malware Stallings and Brown (2012) provided an excellent categorization of malware. The primary categories are derived on the basis of propagation and payloads, where propagation contains types such as infected content, for example, viruses; vulnerability exploits, for example, worms; and social engineering, for example, spam e-mails and Trojans. On the other hand, the payload contains types such as system corruption; attack agent, for example, zombie and botnets; information theft, for example, key-loggers, phishing, and spyware; and stealthing, for example, backdoors and rootkits (Stallings Brown, 2012). Propagation Type Malware In the category of propagation the first significant type is the virus that infects an executable content byShow MoreRelatedU.s. Department Of Health And Human Services Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagesthat cover a vast spectrum of activities that impact health, public health, and human services outcomes throughout the life span. Information security has become a major issue at present as the size of organization and their networks are increasing rapidly. DDH is the perfect example which is a big organization. As cyber-attacks are on rise, it is top priority of any organization to preserve and prevent the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability) triad of information. Thus, to ensure thisRead MoreThe Role Of Infrastructure Of Information Assurance And Cyber Security2234 Words   |  9 PagesAssurance and Cyber Security Name: Institution: The Role of Infrastructure in Information Assurance and Cyber Security The attacks on critical infrastructure have become a growing cause of concern for governments and private providers’ internationally whether caused through cybercriminals pursuing financial gain or by hackers as political acts intended to emasculate governments’ and companies’ credibility. The anxiety around these threats is vindicated, as research exhibits that attacks on theRead MoreData Breach At The U.s. Office Of Personnel Management Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the attack origin on how attackers gain access into the OPM infrastructure, the action performed, the assets compromised, and the state effect of the vulnerabilities. Moreover, brief the direct and intangible cost of the OPM cybercrime into the numerous impact factors. System-Fault-Risk (SFR) Framework Although the system-fault-risk framework consists of eight categories, this report will focus on the particulars of the initial threat followed by three elements of the actual attack. By understandingRead MoreData Breaches At The U.s. Office Of Personnel Management Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the attack origin on how attackers gain access into the OPM infrastructure, the action performed, the assets compromised, and the state effect of the vulnerabilities. Moreover, brief the direct and intangible cost of the OPM cybercrime into the numerous impact factors. System-Fault-Risk (SFR) Framework Although the system-fault-risk framework consists of eight categories, this report will focus on the particulars of the initial threat followed by three elements of the actual attack. By understandingRead MoreAn Information Security Program Mission1462 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernments, and other types of organizations need to incorporate cyber security to conduct business transactions, share information, and interact with customers and suppliers. Threats to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of cyberspace capabilities (e.g., hardware, software, and networks) are threats against the â€Å"economic activities and social interactions that depend upon cyberspace† (Module 2).These threats drive the need for cyber security, thus an information security program must defineRead MoreInformation Security Risk Associated With The Spccomputing Environment2003 Words   |  9 Pagesrisks on a qualitative scale, and recommended controls to reduce the risk. Executive Summary In today’s threat landscape companies are under increasingly sophisticated attacks by nation states and organized crime. The manufacturing, energy, retail, financial and communications sectors are at high risk to these sophisticated attacks. As a service provider to these industries SPCComputing and SPCComputing may be targeted as a potential vector into these high valued targets. As a trusted service providerRead MoreCyber Security And Cyber Attacks1503 Words   |  7 Pagesof threats that have could negatively impact organizations information security. A vast majority of organizations rely on computers and the internet to store its data. Cyber attacks can take place in a variety of industries that might the general population does not realize such as cellular communication services, airplane navigation systems, and medical record security. All of these organizations are in highly diverse industries but need to be aware of cyber threats that could affect their specificRead MoreRole Of The Power Industry And The Services It Provides Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesis maintaining data integrity and availability of resources while ensuring that all systems and facilities exceed the industry standards. This strategy is critically important due to the nature of the power industry and the services it provides. The implementation of the controls falls in line wit h the cybersecurity strategy designated by leadership. The hacktivist and virus attack were able to successfully penetrate our system causing downtime and affecting system integrity. Cyberattacks areRead MoreThe Components Of Lifecycle Of Network Security812 Words   |  4 Pagesdeliver different services over the internet. The cyber security is basically a practice that helps organizations minimize risks, helps the security operations in an effective manner, provide authentication and access control for resources, guarantee availability of resources and also helps to achieve regularity for enhancing own business network. The basic components of the security include; confidentiality (maintaining privacy of the data), integrity (detecting the data is not tampered), authenticationRead MoreCyber Security Vulnerabilities : Information Systems And Network1614 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Security Vulnerabilities Abstract There are several cyber security vulnerabilities that organizations and individuals need to consider to protect the integrity and confidentiality of their computer systems and networks. These vulnerabilities include software and hardware, intranet, enterprise network, wide and local area network, and transmission media. This paper, therefore, focuses on software and hardware vulnerabilities as the most important and the reasons it is the most important. The

Social Psychology Paper Scenario †PSY120 - 916 Words

Social Psychology Paper Scenario - PSY120 â€Å"Social influence effects of the presence of others in the way people think, feel, and behave† (Kowalski Westen, 2005). Social influence is associated with both behaviors because the changes in behaviors are due to the attitudes of others or guidance towards a particular direction. Sarah has not had this kind of influence before, always following the rules, she has done what she’s told and followed the path set for her by her parents. This path and these rules were not her choice and she most likely never experienced anything with her peers that strayed off this set path. Sarah felt some anxiety at disobeying her parent’s rules, fearing she may get caught and ultimately punished. She also†¦show more content†¦Crowd psychology, also known as mob psychology, is a branch of social psychology. Social psychologists have developed several theories for explaining the ways in which the psychology of the crowd differs from and interacts with that of the ind ividuals within it. The social interaction of the party guests through the fight that broke out was one of excitement and probably some fear. The term â€Å"mob mentality† is used to refer to unique behavioral characteristics that emerge when people are in large groups. It is often used in a negative sense, because the term â€Å"mob† typically conjures up an image of an aggressive, chaotic group of people. Social psychologists who study group behavior also use terms such as â€Å"herd behavior,† herd mentality or â€Å"crowd hysteria† to describe similar behaviors. The study of mob mentality is used to analyze situations that range from problems during evacuations to public gatherings that turn violent. (2003 - 2013 Conjecture Corporation) In a strict home, parents tend toward an authoritarian style of parenting, in which there are rules in place for all aspects of a child’s life. Authoritarian parents have high expectations and

Learning from Your Life Story Free Essays

MGMT 614 Short Writing Assignment #1 Learning From Your Life Story Aashima Mutneja Gamma 5 Date of Submission: 22nd Jan, 2013 A. Think back over all of the leadership experiences in your lifetime. Choose the leadership experience of which you are the proudest. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning from Your Life Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this exercise, put yourself back in that time and describe it as if it were happening to you right now. Describe your proudest leadership experience, starting with the specific events. Consider the following questions in your description: What happened? What was the history or climate of the organization/group you were in? What triggered the experience? What caused you to step up and lead? What was the outcome? What changed in the people in the organization as a result? How did you feel†¦ Before stepping up to lead? When you first stepped up to lead? When facing the challenges of the situation? After the results were in? (Do not limit yourself on space for this section. ) Proudest Leadership Experience I graduated from the University of Mumbai in 2009 with a lucrative job offer as a financial trainee for one of the leading financial software companies in India. Additionally, I was fortunate that few of my close friends were going to join the firm along with me. However, few weeks before our official start we were notified of an indefinite deferment in our joining date. Most of us were finance enthusiasts and were disheartened at this development. We faced a series of disappointments as we tried to find a financial position at the peak of the financial crisis with no prior finance experience or education. Most of us eventually joined jobs related to our major in industrial engineering. However not being able to switch to finance added a lot of dissatisfaction in our current roles. My key strength, as pointed to me by the MBA program is restorative which means to have an innate knack of solving problems quickly and efficiently. I couldn’t agree more with this analysis and true to my nature I quickly started gathering and analyzing information related to careers in finance. I reached out to industry professionals and understood that the most desired qualification for finance professionals was a CFA charter. This answered my question on how to break into the field of finance. A CFA certification required passing three extremely difficult examinations, which meant grueling late night studying. I understood that the process would be highly stressful and hence decided to form a study group to ensure that there was a level of discipline, focus and support as we decided to endure this demanding journey. My next challenge was to convince people to get on board. My first choice was to approach my finance oriented friends. As expected, most of them were uncertain about the time and commitment required for this examination. The plan was to finish each level within six months as opposed to 12 months suggested by the program. I understood their apprehensions and tried to address all their questions and concerns patiently. To convince them to agree to give the CFA, I knew I would have to show them the benefits of holding a CFA charter. So I arranged a meeting with one of the CFA charter holders who got us excited about CFA and we started our journey towards a charter. My next challenge was to bring discipline and a routine to our studies. Exhausted after long hours of work, I kept the enthusiasm high by reminding them about the final result or simply by taking more frequent coffee breaks. Even though we finally established a routine, the frustration of studying and working together was taking a toll on all of us. Compromising on time with family and friends, missing out on our favorite activities including watching our favorite games, made us question if it was even worth it. At that time the only question I asked to myself was if not finance than what? I couldn’t imagine myself doing anything else, I was confident that this was the career option that best fit my interests and skills. I felt that my nner drive and perseverance was an inspiration to my friends and we fed of each other’s energy to carry forward. After twelve months of extreme hard work, we cleared two levels of the CFA examination as planned and the final third level twelve months after that. Fortunately, after completing two level of CFA all of us were able to secure a respectable job within the financial services space. I did not receive an award for it and maybe it did not make a differ ence to anyone else’s life. However I had the determination and focus to make a difference to my life. I could lead change within me and those around me. It has been one of the most difficult and challenging phase of my life but I have also felt the most driven and alive in those moments of struggle. This was my first real experience with leading others and me towards a goal. B. What things did you just learn about your leadership as you told that story? 1. Accountability 2. Patience 3. Self-discipline C. What leadership qualities did you bring to that leadership experience? 1. Determination 2. Patience 3. Focus 4. Initiative 5. Passion D. How did those qualities contribute to the outcome? Link an outcome to each of the qualities you listed above. Leadership Quality| Its Effect on the Outcome| 1. Determination| It helped me to stay focused on the goal during difficult times| 2. Patience| It helped me to adjust with different personalities and try to understand their perspective while trying to achieve an outcome in a team setting. | 3. Focus| It helped me rise above a disheartening situation and start developing the action plan to achieve my goal. | 4. Initiative| It helped me take actions to change he current state of affairs for the better and encourage guide other people to do the same. | 5. Passion| It helped me be determined and focused during difficult times and also made the entire process enjoyable and the final outcome worth the effort. | E. Now, be your own mentor. Turn back to the story again and look at it from the perspective of what you know now. If you were mentoring yourself at that time, what advice wo uld you give? Mentoring Advice In retrospect, I would advise myself to be more composed as I work towards my goals. I was focused and determined but compromised on my lifestyle, which I feel would not be sustainable in the long run. Having spent twelve months under constant stress and pressure made me lose sight of the bigger picture and made me a more paranoid person in general. I heard time and again during those trying times to â€Å"take it easy† as it was not the end of the world, while I would advise myself to stress myself too much, I would not like to have a â€Å"take it easy† attitude. I struggle to find the right balance of working and relaxation; a key component of a happy and successful life. How to cite Learning from Your Life Story, Essays

Project Management of AVIS

Questions: 1. Discuss the various performance objectives of AVIS.2. Explain why Avis Car Hire tries to locate branches close to its customers.3. Analyse the various factors that influence Aviss decisions about where to locate a new branch. Answers: 1. Various Performance Objectives of AVIS Business organisations sometimes face difficulties in identifying the proper location for the business establishment. The selection of the relevant location can be considered as the major priorities in determining the achievement of the competitive advantage (Kerzner 2013). AVIS Car Hire is a company, which is specifying the internationally recognised brand. The brand is operating within various countries like US, UK, Canada, Germany and Ireland. Since, the company is commendably developing; the most prominent objective is to facilitate the local operations to make the larger entity. The branch managers are taking the responsibility in ensuring the progressive attitude in the pre-determined objectives (Burke 2013). It is to be noted that the car rental signifies the huge opportunity for the competitive businesses. In concentrating on the UK market, the existence of many car rental companies is visible. Therefore, the company has set the aim of keeping the focus on the customer base a nd the customer services. The establishment of the skilled customer services is helpful for concentrating on the competitors (Narsing, Sanders and Ford 2014). The efficient services are included in within the core ethos of the business. It generates enthusiasm in employees to provide the higher standard of the services to the customers. However, in concentrating on such aspects, AVIS has set the aim of relocating the branches to the nearer places of the customers. The company has even established almost 350 branches in UK. The branches are only five miles away from the places of the customers (Avis.com 2016). It is to be indicated that relocating the branches can be concerned of the competitive nature of the business. Any organisation cannot relocate their branches if the locations are not relevant to the customers (Shaheen and Cohen 2013). In keeping the concentration on the competitive nature of the business market, it is required to meet the satisfactory level of the customers. However, the company is even focusing on the factors that are influencing the local facilities along with the maintenance of the infrastructure. The identification of the availability of the enough spaces to relocate the business entity is needed to be ensured (Huefner 2015). Avis is using long-life bulbs for the signage system, which is reducing the environmental wastes and times that labours usually provide during the replacements of the bulbs. The regulators are placed in jet wash machines for reducing the use of the shampoo for the car wash (Avis.com 2016). The company is using the photocells for switching on the outside signs and lights and this is quite helpful in reducing the electricity consumptions. The process of printing is featured in the recycled printing papers to avoid wastages (Quigley and Robertson 2015). One person is hired for switching of the light of non-essential devices when the day ends. The company is using the special window blinds for reducing the gaining o f the heat and determining the reductions of energy costs. Offices include the generators, which forms lower amount of heat and eliminate the requirements of cooling systems. The furniture is donated to the charities for the recycling process. The performance indicators are thus assuring the measurement of the progressive forms that can enhance the better aspects in setting the objectives. 2. Reasons behind relocating the branches near to the places of the customers In keeping concentration of the competitive nature of the business, the achievement of the customers satisfactory level is necessary (Kell 2013). If the company can facilitate the effective customer services, it will be helpful enough in determining the progress of the organisational performance. The company even could open the new business entity in a place where the market is not present. Moreover, the UK market is much challenging, as the market competition is higher (Haensel, Mederer and Schmidt 2012). Therefore, it is required for the company to come up with new strategic ideas that can bring success for the strengthened business positions for the company. The branch managers are encouraged to take the responsibility for undertaking the local operations. If the company is being able to structure their customer base in a significant manner, the company would be capable of participating in the competitive business world (Czerny, Shi and Zhang 2015). However, this type of approach is quite helpful in determining the establishment of dynamic services, which are driven by the individual branches. Hence, each of the branches can get the opportunity to concentrate on the basic needs and the requirements of the customers. In keeping concentration of the value proposition of Avis, the approach is really helpful for meeting the needs of the local customers. As the core element of the ethos of Avis is effective customer services, the employees are even getting the motivation to perform well. Thus, they can significantly provide the customers the higher standard of the services, which is quite beneficial for the company in associating the effective customer base (Conradie et al. 2014). The establishment of the standard customer service is considered as the key driving force and differentiator in ensuring the profitable approach of the company. This factor is the most recognisable reason for locating the branches near to the home place of the customers. As the company ensures the extensive networks of the branches, the company could establish the branches in almost 350 locations. The company is therefore operating from these branches, which are just five miles away from the customers places. The company ev en can be able to use the comprehensive checklist for evaluating each of the locations. When a company sets their location nearer to the place of the consumers, it becomes helpful for them to understand the basic needs and requirements (Karkali and Vazirgiannis 2012). The skilled employees can even get the motivation to serve the customers, which facilitates the achievement of the customers satisfactory level. As per the relevancies of the customers, they can demand for the services from the nearest branches (Seay and Narsing 2013). Therefore, the customers are given the opportunity to track the services as per their relevancy. Shifting to the nearby places to the customers is therefore quite fruitful for determining the strengthened position in the huge competitive business scenario. The brand image of Avis Car is thus facilitated as per their effective services on maintaining the availability and speed efficiencies. As per the case study, it has been seen that Avis has been mainta ining two types of the locations. The home or city based locations are providing the facilities to the long-term business partners. The company is even stretching the large market for the personal customers as well. The individual or the business people may require the car rental for accident cover or for leisure purposes (Avis.com, 2016). Hence, locating in the nearer place to the customers is quite beneficial for both the company and the customers. The second type of the location is undertaken for the branches at the airport areas. The services are mainly for the people who are travelling through the flights to different regions. The establishment of the branches in the nearer locations to the customers, the company can be able to update the customers regarding their newly launched services. Similarly, the brand awareness will be increased accordingly. The company can utilize the strong visual brand specifications to define the corporate logo and introduce the branding aspects of the company. 3. Various Factors influencing the decisions of Avis regarding their proper locations Many of the factors can be taken into consideration for deciding the exact area to evaluate the business entities (Karkali and Vazirgiannis 2012). When the organisation feels the urge of expanding the business, usually it concentrates on the location where the organisation does not have the previous locations. Even the business needs to undertake the process of restructuring or initiating the modernised structures for the operational activities. The collaboration of several existing departments into the new premises, which are built for different purposes, can be effective for the business expansion. The company is mainly focusing on the locations, which include the more business potentialities. However, the factors that are influencing the business expansion process in a new location. These are as follows: Firstly, the company may select the relevant site, which promotes the cheapest cost of the buildings and lands. The locations are needed to be as per the convenience of the employees. The business needs to concentrate on the recruitment process while selecting the staffs as per the required skills. The business is always fascinated about a location, which is significant for accessing the raw materials. In case of Avis, the locations are needed to be nearer to the customers place. Whenever any customer needs to rent a car for use, they can get the services as per their convenience. One of the major key factors for relocating the business is the concentration on the service and transport infrastructure. Many of the businesses require the proper transporting links and efficient telecommunication services. It is quite helpful for the company to provide the services within the mentioned time. Apart from these influences, Avis is ensuring several qualitative influences as well. One of the major requirements of the company is to determine the achievement of the security level. For example, if Avis has to provide the car rental service, the company needs to keep the concentration on the road conditions, which determines the on time delivery of the services to the customers (Karkali and Vazirgiannis 2012). Moreover, it will be helpful enough for the managers of the company to assess the future facilities regarding the relocation of the business. Some of the environmental considerations are also needed to be taken into account while expanding the business in a new location. The environmental-friendly venture includes the following factors: The company is using the long-life bulbs for the signage and this is more efficient than the standard bulbs. The process is quite helpful for reducing the wastages in the environment. It is even cutting down the times that the labours are spending during the replacements of the bulbs. Avis Car is placing the regulators on the car wash and het wash machines. The regulators are thus reducing the amount of shampoo, which has been using for the washing purposes. The production house is using the photocells, which are helpful enough in switching on the signs or the outside lights during the time of relevant use. It is quite helpful for the reduction of the electricity consumptions. The company is using the printing process for keeping the document in a recycled paper. The company is even hiring the last person who will be turning off the lights and the non-essential electronic devices after the working day. The company is using the special window blinds, which are helping in reducing the gaining of the heats and saving the costs of the energy resourcing. The furniture that will be used in the office premises can be recycled and donated for the charity works. Company is ensuring the utilization of the efficient lighting system that is generating the lower amount of heat. Therefore, the company would not require any extra cooling system for the working purposes. Hence, it can be stated that the improvisation of the environmental factors can be effective enough in considering the relocation of the business as per the convenience. It is to be indicated that the concentration on these factors is quite facilitating the achievement of the globalised performance. Since, the modernised world seeks for the globalised efforts and performance efficiency; the business companies are taking these factors into considerations for the beneficial attributes. The maintenance of such globalised aspects would thus add value to the restructure of the company. The concept of relocating the business will also bring the maintenance of the efficiency to determine the strengthened position of the business in the competitive market (Seay and Narsing 2013). Moreover, the adaptation of such practices would strengthen the brand image of the company more specifically. Hence, it can be inferred that undertaking such relocating strategy would be beneficial for Avis in maint aining the strengthened position of the business. References Avis.com, 2016. Avis Corporate Facts - Avis Car Rental. [online] Available at: https://www.avis.com/car-rental/content/display.ac?navId=T6M21S02 [Accessed 7 Feb. 2016]. Avis.com, 2016. Avis recognized as a leading brand for customer loyalty. [online] Available at: https://www.avis.com/car-rental/content/display.ac;jsessionid=Xy61WR2LR2C6NKVb13n7pcVq4zWfnKGsJdSFv24pHJrP26gsvSG5!845448816?contentId=press-release-US_en-049579#.VrhIYPl97IU [Accessed 7 Feb. 2016]. Burke, R., 2013.Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Conradie, E., Roberts-Lombard, M. and Klopper, H.B., 2014. Brand awareness in the services sector influenced by eight internal marketing elements.Journal of Global Business and Technology,10(1), p.25. Czerny, A.I., Shi, Z. and Zhang, A., 2015. Can market power be controlled by regulation of core prices alone?: An empirical analysis of airport demand and car rental price. Haensel, A., Mederer, M. and Schmidt, H., 2012. Revenue management in the car rental industry: A stochastic programming approach.Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management,11(1), pp.99-108. Huefner, R.J., 2015. The sharing economy: Implications for revenue management.Journal of Revenue Pricing Management,14(4), pp.296-298. Karkali, M. and Vazirgiannis, M., 2012, September. S-Suite: a multipart service oriented architecture for the car rental sector. InProceedings of the Fifth Balkan Conference in Informatics(pp. 263-266). ACM. Kell, J., 2013. Avis to Buy Car-Sharing Service Zipcar.The Wall Street Journal. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Narsing, A., Sanders, T. and Ford, M., 2014. A Model for Managing Rental Fleets in the New Competitive Landscape-Maintenance, Productivity, Corporate Branding and Legal Implications.Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal,17(1), p.33. Quigley, J.M. and Robertson, K.L., 2015.Configuration Management: Theory, Practice, and Application. CRC Press. Seay, S. and Narsing, A., 2013. Transitioning to a Lean Paradigm: A Model for Sustainability in the Leasing and Rental Industries.Academy of Strategic Management Journal,12(1), p.113. Shaheen, P. and Cohen, A., 2013. Innovative mobility carsharing outlook.University of Berkeley, California.

Ethics On Abortion Essays - Utilitarianism, Classical Liberalism

Ethics On Abortion Abortion from an ethical point of view Describe and evaluate any two contrasting theoretical approaches to the moral debate of abortion. * * * It is widely accepted that the fact of abortion has been a subject of conversation and controversy for many decades. Since the proportion of people who accept abortion as a normal procedure is equal to the proportion of those who think of abortion as a crime, through time a lot of measurements have been taken against abortion but concerning its defense as well. Although the fact of abortion has been examined through its scientific and religious side, in this assignment we will try and examine abortion from an ethical point of view. The best way for someone to refer to abortion on an ethical basis would probably be through the description and evaluation of the subject based on two of the most known theoretical approaches: those of Kants and of Utilitarianism (Act and Rule). Beginning with the approach of Utilitarianism, we must say that Utilitarianism, is concerned basically with p leasure and with pain. Therefore someone should be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted since any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practice of it. A more significant consideration exists if we hypothesize that the future life of the fetus invol ves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, a dominant one. The second party that we should consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship - even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the beings directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. That means that the issue of abortion actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasing the population. Given that there must be some population size that can be regarded as the perfect size, if we are allowed to place it this way for a society, it is clear that Utility will ban new births above this amount while below this population size Utility will prescribe reproduction. So the utilitarian, who suggests that the future happiness of the child, combined with the estimated value of the effects on others, is such that Utility opposes abortion, must admit that this would imply that Utility prescribes an increase in population and that this would apply to anyone capable of producing a child. So Utility is generally against abortion only when it is generally for raising the population. In terms of utility, the actual act of abortion is not a particularly significant one. A brief mention must be made of why it is that the relative effects on the community at large are dominant in this issue, and why the other considerations are not. It must be remembered that the raising of a child in a modern developed country has a very large cost in financial terms, which is highly signi ficant. It is well known that the amount required to raise one child in

Biography - Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) essays

Biography - Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) essays Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon on April 25th 1599. He was born into a family which was for a time one of the wealthiest and most influential in the area. He was educated at Huntingdon grammar school and at Cambridge University, and then became a minor East Anglian landowner. He made a living by farming and collecting rents, first in Huntingdon, then from 1631 in St Ives and from 1636 in Ely. Cromwell's inheritances from his father, who died in 1617, and later from a maternal uncle were not great, 1640 he played only a small role in local administration and no significant role in national politics. It was the civil wars of the 1640s which lifted Cromwell from zero to hero. Oliver was the only surviving son of Robert and Elizabeth Cromwell. They had ten children (three sons and seven daughters). Their eldest son was called Henry, but he died soon after birth in 1595. Their second son was born in 1599 and was christened Oliver, in honour of Roberts eldest brother, Sir Oliver. He became the eldest surviving son and heir of Robert. A younger brother, Robert junior, was born in 1609 but he, too, quickly died. This left Oliver an only son, as he was the one son of Robert and Elizabeth to survive infancy. Oliver grew to manhood in a female-dominated environment. He had no surviving brothers and his father died quite young in 1617, his widowed mother became for a time, head of a household, which included seven growing daughters, sisters to Oliver. Three of his sisters were older than him, the remaining four younger. Most of his sisters married and had about 5 children each leaving Oliver with many nieces and nephews. His mother lived with him and his wife, El izabeth Bourchier, who he married on the 22nd of August 1620 and his children for many years up until her death at Whitehall in 1654. From the outbreak of the Civil War in the summer of 1642, C ...

The art of one-on-one interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The art of one-on-one interview - Essay Example Roy J. Blitzer points out that the traditional mode of interview, i.e. one-on-one interview is most popular (Blitzer 148). First of all, the interviewees answer makes clear that a child does like to have pets, especially dogs. Most of the people remember their first job, but some of them do not like to reveal their first payment. Similar to other youngsters, my friend likes to read books, gardening, swimming, and working out. The interviewee is aware of American history and admires the dedication shown by the famous people. Similar to other youngsters, the interview likes science fiction films like Avatar. The interviewee is with strong will power because he does not like to do things which he does not like. The interviewee is proud of his sense of humor because it helps him to be successful in his life. The interviewee was able to achieve his short term goal and is working hard to achieve his long term goal. Similar to other MJ (Michel Jackson) fans, the interviewee made clear that he would like to meet him (if he was able to do so). The interviewee considers that the most embarrassing moment in his life was the day in which he was away from his friends. This proves that he is so social and attached to his friends in general.

You choose a subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

You choose a subject - Essay Example She however got tired of him too because he repressed her independence and treated her more like a trophy than a person. Although she submits to him, deep down she resents her life and feels being married to him was just like being a servant. After 20 years of marriage, he dies and she marries Tea Cake, a poor but fun loving and adventurers’ man in whom she finds all the love she had been looking for. They move to the everglades where they work as laborers, this relationship is however brutally ended when during the Hurricane Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog (â€Å"From their Eyes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  7). Two weeks later she is forced to kill him to defend herself from his psychotic delusional self. After being acquitted for his murder, she finally goes home and the book begins and ends as she retells her story, an act that finally puts her at peace with herself and her late husband. The book touches on several themes that are or relevance to the lives of women of color and the black community in general in the backdrop of recently ended slavery. One of the dominant themes is, Love vs. independence, since the quest for both is the content of most of Janie’s life; she leaves home to search for love but evidently fails to find it in her first husband. She leaves him believing she has found true love in Stark and although in the start it looked like the perfect romance she soon realizes his ambition is far greater than his love for her. It is only with Tea Cake that she finally gets both love and independence since he treats her tenderly and respects her individuality unlike the former husband who repressed her. The theme of gender roles is also explored in the book through the events that shape Janie’s life. He grandmother holds that men are providers and women should be taken care of by them and so married Janie off to an older man. Stark, on the other hand, assumes that being the man in a relationship gives him rights over the woman whom he treasures more

Value and Risk Management - MSc Civil Engineering and Construction Assignment

Value and Risk Management - MSc Civil Engineering and Construction Management - Assignment Example Our aim at present is to provide a brief background of our consultancy firm. We have been in this business for years, delivering professional service and expertise to companies and organisations in improving their strategic plans and in the conduct of value management and value engineering studies as we have vast knowledge of concepts and methodologies on this area. SBE Innovations Ltd., a partnership of private and public sectors, is a valued client. This paper is an initial report on the study that our VM/VE team conducted on the proposed recreation and commercial centre. The first part is a study on value management with a focus on the site inspection, the objectives for the conduct of VM/VE, the workshop, discussions and brainstorming, and other tools our team has conducted. Functional analysis provided the needs of SBE Innovations through recommendations to minimize unnecessary costs and maximize the potential benefits of the different functions of the project. The second part deals on value engineering involving imaginative and creative efforts, and methods and means to provide substitute materials, tools and processes which can give a valuing ‘map’ for the project. Value management is the first activity that we will apply at the early stage of the project. This is a step-by-step analysis, employing scientific methods, discussions, brainstorming, and all possible logical means to arrive at a low-cost with high value for the client’s project. This study will be a collaboration of the different stakeholders including department heads and key employees of SBE Innovations and our very own team. They will carry out a workshop to undertake value management and value engineering. The team will conduct functional analysis and provide suggestions, including inputs from the different stakeholders and the people in the field in order to provide the greatest

Relevance of the postal rule of acceptance

Relevance of the postal rule of acceptance Write an assignment on the rationale relevance of the postal rule of acceptance in the 21st century by analyzing the possibility of acceptance by post according to the current practice. A formation of a contract requires an agreement, it follows that, in order for such agreement to be reached, there must be an offer made by one party which is accepted by the other. An acceptance is that, a final and unqualified expression of assent to the terms of an offer. To discover whether an agreement has been reached under a classical contract theory, an acceptance which matches the offer that has been made is required. In regards to an acceptance, the mode or communication of an acceptance can be broken down into a various components depending on the circumstances. An acceptance can be made or communicated through conduct, silence, private courier, internet transaction, electronic communication and last but not least, by post. In this modern world, communication can take in many forms. That being said there might be delayed in between the sending of an acceptance. The rule applied here is that no communication is effective until it is received and understood by the person to whom it is addressed. This however, does not apply to the postal rule. The postal rule is an exception to the general rule an acceptance must come to the attention of the offeror. Basically, this rule can be defined as a rule of contract of law that makes an exception to the general rule and the principle stated was that, a contract is formed as soon as the letter of acceptance is posted, rather than when they are communicated. The rule is designed to remove uncertainty from the contract formation process. It provides the offeree with confidence that an acceptance once posted will be effective, even if the postal system delays delivery of the acceptance beyond the offer date. The main reason for this rule is historical, at the the tim e when postage of a letter is slower and less reliable than it is today, in the 21st century. In the practical implication of the postal rule today, it is easier to prove that a letter of acceptance has been sent than to prove whether it has been received or reached the attention of the offeror. The postal rule was established around the 19th century, as can be seen in the case of Adam v Lindsell. The fact of the case in brief; the defendant sent a letter to the plaintiff offering wool for sale, and asking for a reply in course of post. The letter than was misdirected by the defendant, and arrived later than it would have been. The plaintiff replied at once accepting, but the defendant, having decided that because of the delay the plaintiff were not going to accept, had already sold the wool elsewhere. The plaintiff then sued for breach of contract. The court held that to require a posted acceptance to arrive at its destination before it could be effective would be impractical and inefficient. It would be much better if, as soon as the letter of acceptance is posted, the acceptor could proceed on the basis that a contract had been made, and then take action accordingly. The plaintiff therefore succeeded: the defendant was in breach of contract. The offeror, to have a change in mind or a withdrawal of the offer, or made an offer with someone else is possible but nevertheless, the court looked into the conduct business would be better served by giving the offeree certainty, thus the postal rule was created. In addition, acceptance is also effective on posting, even when the letter is lost in the post. It does not matter that the letter is delayed in post, the offeror is still bound. In this case, Mr. Grant applied for shares in the Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Company. A letter of allotment then was posted to the defendant, but it never reached him. When the company went bankrupt, Mr. Grant was sued for the outstanding payments on the shares, the issue here was, whether Mr. Grants offer for shares had been validly accepted, and whether there was a binding contract for him to settle the payment. It was held that there was a valid contract, because the rule for the post is that acceptance is effective even if the letter never arrives. There is difference between acceptance and revocation of an offer by post. Acceptance of an offer takes place when a letter is posted while revocation of an offer takes place when the letter is received. (Facts: Defendants mailed offer to sell tin plates to Plaintiffs on October 1. Offer was received by Plaintiffs on October 11 and immediately accepted via telegram on the same day; acceptance was subsequently confirmed by Plaintiffs by letter on October 15. Defendant mailed a revocation of offer on October 8, which was received by Plaintiffs on October 20, after Plaintiffs had already made assurances to sell the tin plates to another party. Plaintiffs brought action against Defendant for breach of contract and failure to deliver.) However, there are some limitations to the postal rule. First, it can only apply to acceptances and not to any other type of communication for example an offer or a revocation. Second, it only applies to letters and telegrams. It does not apply to instantaneous methods of communication such as telex or probably, fax or email. Besides that, it must also be reasonable to use the post as the means of communication, for example, an offer by telephone or by fax might indicate that a rapid method of response was required. Moreover, letters of acceptance must be properly addressed and stamped. Lastly, the rule is easily displaced, for example, it may be excluded by the offeror either expressly or impliedly. In Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes, it was excluded by the offeror requiring notice in writing. It was also suggested by the court that the postal rule would not be used where it would lead to manifest inconvenience. The question should ask in this circumstances is can a letter of acceptance be cancelled by actual communication before the letter is delivered? There is no direct English authority on this point. The argument against is because once a letter is posted, the offer is consider accepted and there is no provision in law for revoking an acceptance. This point is supported by the New Zealand case of Wenckheim v Arndt and the South African case of A to Z Bazaars (Pty) Ltd v Minister of Agriculture (1974). Cheshire argues that it would be unfair to the offeror, who would be bound as soon as the letter was posted, whereas the orreree could keep his options open. On the other hand, the argument for in this question is because there is some support for allowing recall in the Scottish case of Dunmore v Alexander (1830). It is argued that actual prior communication of rejection would not necessarily prejudice the offerror, who, by definition will be unaware of the acceptance. It is also argued th at it would be absurd to insist on enforcing a contract when both parties have acted on the recall. This however, could be interpreted as an agreement to discharge. On the other hand, however, in the modern age of the 21st century, without further explanation, the technology is beyond our imagination. The mode of forming a contract, say, for example, an offer, acceptance and the invitation to treat are technically relying on the electronic communication. The infamous mode of an acceptance in the world today the email, can be made by a simple click. An electronic mail is often being seen as a digital necessity of the postal system, of course, in the modern age. Therefore, the postal rule can apply to the acceptance sent by the mail. Although it is generally accepted that postal communications sent via the Royal Mail do benefit from the rule, other methods of accepting does not benefit from the rule. However, to determine whether a postal rule is applicable to the acceptance by mail, some methods of communication benefit from the rule or not needs to be ascertained. The still ongoing argument is that the postal rule only applies when the offer co ntemplates acceptance by non-instantaneous means of communication. In conclusion, and increased reliance on electronic communications, it is perhaps time the postal rule was restated for the 21st century. A possible reformulation would focus on the non-instantaneous nature of communications which benefit from the rule. Perhaps the new rule should state that, where an offer contemplates acceptance by a non-immediate form of communication, that acceptance is effective from the time it leaves the acceptors control. Such a definition would remove the need for a trusted third party and would encompass all non-instantaneous methods of communication (including those not yet invented). It does though require that methods of communication can be split into immediate and non-immediate, a distinction that may become blurred with future technological advances.

William Randolph Hearst and the Spanish American War Essay -- William

William Randolph Hearst and the Spanish American War How far is a person willing to go to be the best? Will he sacrifice friends, family, even the lives of his countrymen? What makes someone that devoted to competition that they are willing to destroy everything that they’ve ever known, and quite possibly start a war in the process all to see that they’ve outsold there competition? These are the questions one must ask once you learn of the life’s story of William Randolph Hearst. From his news empire that included over 2 dozen major newspapers in 15 cities (Swanberg) to his more then slightly warped sense of moral propriety, Hearst’s life led him into the position where he escalated an international dispute into a war with one of Europe’s colonial powers. William Randolph Hearst was born on April 29, 1863, in San Francisco, California, to George Hearst and Phoebe Apperson Hearst. George Hearst was a self-made multimillionaire miner and rancher who spent much of his young life in Franklin County, Missouri in the 1820’s. Growing up he received very little in the way of formal education but he did learn a lot about the so-called "lay of the land," particularly in regards to mining. In fact, legend has it that local Indians referred to him as the "boy that the earth talk to." (Loe) The Senior Hearst quickly made himself wealthy through his investment in mining operations in the United States. Doing all of the research into these sites himself he owned some of the largest claims in the nation, â€Å"including the Comstock Lode in Nevada, the Ontario silver mine in Utah, the Homestake gold mine in South Dakota and the Anaconda copper mine in Montana† (Loe). The Comstock, Homestake and Anaconda claims would become three of the largest mining discoveries in American history. (Swanberg) This sudden success story was an inspiration to his son and his overbearing mother constantly told William of his father’s great successes. It was Williams Mother who became the fiery driving force in the young man’s life, constantly pressuring him to succeed and be better then all others. While George Hearst was running about the American West securing mine space, land grants, and buying hundreds of acres of grazing lands for what would be his second empire, cattle, Phoebe was prepping her son for a life of wealth and privilege. In 1873 she organized a European tour to educate... ...at Hearst and the other yellow journalists started the war, it is fair to say that the press turned what had been overlooked since Grant into a major international affair. Without sensational headlines and stories about Cuban affairs, the mood for Cuban intervention may have been very different. In the end the escalation of the crisis was a simple drive to be the best, to beat everyone else and to prove to the world (and his mother) that William Randolph Hearst was a success in his own right. Works Cited Dyal, Donald H.. Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War. Greenwood Press: Westport, CT, 1996. Gould, Lewis L. The Presidency of William McKinley. University Press of Kansas, 1980. Loe, Nancy E. Hearst Castle. Hearst Castle Historical Society. 03 Dec. 2004 . O'Toole, G.J.A., The Spanish War: An American Epic-1898. W.W. Norton & Company: New York, 1984. Miller, Daniel A."Crucible of Empire." PBS, New York. Video Archive. 02 Dec 2004 . Milton, Joyce. The Yellow Kids: Foreign Correspondents in the Heyday of Yellow Journalism. Harper-Perrenial: New York, 1989. Nasaw, David . The Chief: The Life of William Randolph Hearst . New York: Mariner Books , 2001.